A balanced diet is made up of all the elements of the food in the basic food group such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and these foods produce energy in the body, increase growth, prevent disease and meet decay. In order to stay healthy and function properly, a balanced diet is needed for every cell, tissue and organ of the body. People can easily get sick if they do not eat proper nutritious food, in addition to infection, fatigue and poor performance. For example, if a pregnant mother does not eat properly balanced food for the proper growth of the fetus and the mother's health, the fetus will not grow properly but both the mother and the child will suffer from various malnutrition. If the breastfeeding mother does not give extra food to the baby to provide adequate milk, the baby is deprived of adequate milk. Similarly, in the case of children, the lack of a balanced diet impairs their physical and mental growth and the proper growth of adolescents and causes various malnutrition symptoms. Elderly people also need a well-balanced diet for healthy living and sick people. This balanced diet is recommended to have all kinds of nutrients present according to the needs of the body.
A balanced diet depends on a person's age, weight, height, type of work, weather and economic conditions. The menu plan of the food depends on the subject - 1. Appropriate nutrition knowledge 2. Family members prefer tastes 3. Food ingredients 4. The country's economy 5. Food supply 6. Adequacy of food 6. 7 ideas about food exchange. Ideas about the basic food group 9. Weather 10. Disaster 11. Culture etc.
Also plan the menu based on family members. E.g.-
A. Complementary food for the baby
B. Food for pregnant and lactating mothers
C. Food for teenagers
D. Easy to digest food for the elderly
E. Diet according to the patient's disease.
The nutrition of the baby starts from the mother's womb. Therefore, for the nutrition of the unborn child and the well-being of the mother, the demand for nutrients is much higher than usual, for example, due to the increase in the secretion of hormones during pregnancy, the growth and metabolism of the mother's uterus, breasts, umbilical cord, etc. increase. So the demand for calories for these activities is high. In addition, the fetus needs extra protein for the formation and growth of various organs, glands, tissues and cells, and for the formation of adequate blood in the mother's womb. For this, high organic protein such as fish, meat, eggs, liver for iron and folic acid, lemon for vitamin C, mango, guava, chilli etc. can be eaten. Calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D are needed for the baby's bones, teeth, nails, hair to form properly and for the mother's bones not to decay or become thin. And if these are lacking, then these are used from the mother's bones to the body of the fetus. As a result, the bones of both mother and child become weak. Many children are seen to have pain in their legs when they run a little. This requires adequate milk during pregnancy, small fish, codliver oil for ‘D’, green and colorful vegetables and almost every day from 11 am to 11 pm to stay in the sun for at least 15-20 minutes so that the skin is exposed to direct sunlight. It makes vitamin D in the body. Iodine-rich foods are eaten to increase the secretion of thyroid hormones. All types of nutritional needs increase during pregnancy and are not difficult to meet. Through this balanced diet, the amount of calories, protein and other elements has to be increased step by step. With seasonal vegetables and fruits must be eaten. Breastfeeding mothers' demand for food, especially calories, protein, vitamins and mineral salts, increases the most. Reasons- 1. She has to expend a lot of energy to do the job of secreting breast milk. He has to produce 750-850 ml of milk almost every day. This requires an additional 200-400 calories. The daily diet of a breastfeeding mother should have a supply of about 800-1000 calories. However, after the age of 6 months, when the amount of breast milk decreases, the amount of calories also decreases.
- Breast milk is rich in high quality protein, calories, vitamins and minerals.
- The mother needs all kinds of nutrition to maintain her own body.
The needs of the mother during breastfeeding to meet all these needs are much higher than during pregnancy.
The rate of weight gain of a child from birth to 6 months varies between developed and developing countries. This is because of the lack of knowledge about the special nutritional needs of the child after the age of 6 months. Breast milk protects the baby from various malnutrition for up to 6 months. So later to meet the additional demand, breast milk as well as supplementary food is given. The purpose of giving this food is to get used to the family food so that the child has adequate supply according to his nutritional needs.
The growth process of children from birth continues till about 18/19 years. At this time the demand for nutrition is also high. If this need is not met in adolescence, the body will not be formed and grown properly. Instead, there will be various symptoms of malnutrition and being weak and malnourished will lead to infection. As a result, he has to live weak and weak for the rest of his life. Of course, not all adolescents have the same nutritional needs. It depends 1. Boys and girls, II. Depending on the age, 3. Depending on the shape. According to these factors, the nutritional needs are different. However, the following things should be in the diet of boys and girls in adolescence.
Adolescents have to be very careful about their diet - because during this time there are a lot of physical changes between boys and girls.
Depending on the nutritional needs of adults - 1. Gender, II. Age, 3. Weight, 4. Height, 5. On the subject of physical exertion and if a person is afflicted with any kind of disease, what kind of disease it is.
He is called old when he is 60 years old. From the age of 40-45, various glands and function of the body begin to decline. If a person is deficient in a food item due to poor diet or persists for a long time, its effects become apparent in the body with age. There have been many advances in health and nutrition science at present which have increased the average life expectancy of people. Therefore, the number of old people in the country is not less. In old age, as in different periods of life, one has to rely on basic food groups to create a balanced diet. During this time many people lose interest in food due to distaste and indigestion. Teeth do not have everything or if they do, they may not be in a condition to eat solid food. At this age, they also suffer from osteoporosis. Therefore, keeping these issues in mind, food should be prepared in such a way that the food is soft and easy to digest and is rich in calcium and iron. Milk and milk products such as lamb, cheese, pies, yogurt can be eaten for calcium. Small fish and good to eat. Iron can sometimes be given to the liver. Seasonal vegetables and fruits can be eaten for constipation. If you are overweight, it is better to lose extra weight. Daily walking and some physical activity are essential for staying healthy. At this age- loose salt and salty foods, sugar-sweet-honey-sweets, sweet fruits should be eaten less. Alcohol, smoking, unhealthy living should be avoided.
1107.309 SRY